Compound Data Types

1.Arrays

An array is a series of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations that can be individually referenced by adding an index to a unique identifier.

That means that, for example, we can store 5 values of type int in an array without having to declare 5 different variables, each one with a different identifier. Instead of that, using an array we can store 5 different values of the same type, int for example, with a unique identifier.

For example, an array to contain 5 integer values of type int called billy could be represented like this:


where each blank panel represents an element of the array, that in this case are integer values of type int. These elements are numbered from 0 to 4 since in arrays the first index is always 0, independently of its length.

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Control Structures

1.Control Structures

A program is usually not limited to a linear sequence of instructions. During its process it may bifurcate, repeat code or take decisions. For that purpose, C++ provides control structures that serve to specify what has to be done by our program, when and under which circumstances.

With the introduction of control structures we are going to have to introduce a new concept: the compound-statement or block. A block is a group of statements which are separated by semicolons (;) like all C++ statements, but grouped together in a block enclosed in braces: { }:

{ statement1; statement2; statement3; }

Most of the control structures that we will see in this section require a generic statement as part of its syntax. A statement can be either a simple statement (a simple instruction ending with a semicolon) or a compound statement (several instructions grouped in a block), like the one just described. In the case that we want the statement to be a simple statement, we do not need to enclose it in braces ({}). But in the case that we want the statement to be a compound statement it must be enclosed between braces ({}), forming a block.

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Basics of C++

1.Structure of a program

Probably the best way to start learning a programming language is by writing a program. Therefore, here is our first program:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

// my first program in C++ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () { cout << "Hello World!"; return 0; }

Hello World!

The first panel (in light blue) shows the source code for our first program. The second one (in light gray) shows the result of the program once compiled and executed. To the left, the grey numbers represent the line numbers - these are not part of the program, and are shown here merely for informational purposes.

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C++ Instructions for use

To whom is this tutorial directed?

This tutorial is for those people who want to learn programming in C++ and do not necessarily have any previous knowledge of other programming languages. Of course any knowledge of other programming languages or any general computer skill can be useful to better understand this tutorial, although it is not essential.

It is also suitable for those who need a little update on the new features the language has acquired from the latest standards.

If you are familiar with the C language, you can take the first three parts of this tutorial as a review of concepts, since they mainly explain the C part of C++. There are slight differences in the C++ syntax for some C features, so I still recommend you to read them.

The 4th part describes object-oriented programming.

The 5th part mostly describes the new features introduced by ANSI-C++ standard.

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blog uses for mpei51 author

သူငယ္ခ်င္းမ်ား အခု MPEI51 ဘေလာဂ့္တြင္ အသံုးျပဳရလြယ္ေအာင္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ video ေလးျဖင့္ ရွင္းျပ

ထားပါတယ္..ျပီးဆံုးေအာင္ထိၾကည့္ေပးဖို႕ေမတၱာရပ္ခံပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ာ...ၾကည့္ရႈေပးတဲ့သူငယ္ခ်င္းမ်ားအားလံုးကို ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။။မိမိတို႕တတ္နိုင္တဲ့ဘက္က ၀ိုင္း၀န္းေရးသားျပဳစုေပးၾကပါခင္ဗ်ာ...ဒီအထဲမွာ အသံနဲ႕ရုပ္နဲ႕ရွင္းျပထားတာ မညီပဲျဖစ္သြားတာေလး အနည္းငယ္ရွိပါတယ္..အဲ့အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ ၾကိဳျပီးေတာင္းပန္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ာ....

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Database

A database is an organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).
The term database is correctly applied to the data and their supporting data structures, and not to the database management system (DBMS). The database data collection with DBMS is called a database system.
The term database system implies that the data is managed to some level of quality (measured in terms of accuracy, availability, usability, and resilience) and this in turn often implies the use of a general-purpose database management system (DBMS).^[1] A general-purpose DBMS is typically a complex software system that meets many usage requirements to properly maintain its databases which are often large and complex. The utilization of databases is now so widespread that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have DBMS software embedded in it. Also, organizations and companies, from small to large, depend heavily on databases for their operations.

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Московский энергетический институт

Московский энергетический институт (Национальный исследовательский университет) (МЭИ (ТУ)) — российский технический университет в области энергетики. Основан в 1930 году.

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